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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacteroidota</span></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Bacteroidota
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> im <a href="Gram-F%C3%A4rbung" title="Gram-Färbung">Grampräparat</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
</th></tr>
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<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
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<td><i><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Klassifikation</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Lebewesen" title="Lebewesen">Lebewesen</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a> (Bacteria)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>ohne Rang:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="FCB-Gruppe" title="FCB-Gruppe">FCB-Gruppe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Abteilung_(Biologie)" title="Abteilung (Biologie)">Abteilung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td>Bacteroidota
</td></tr>
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</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name">Bacteroidota
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="Person">Krieg <i>et al.</i> 2021
</td></tr>
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<p>Die <b>Bacteroidota</b> (früher <b>Bacteroidetes</b>) bilden einen eigenen <a href="Stamm_(Biologie)#Bakterien" title="Stamm (Biologie)">Stamm</a> (äquivalent: <a href="Abteilung_(Biologie)" title="Abteilung (Biologie)">Abteilung</a>, <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">division</span>, <a href="Latein" title="Latein">lateinisch</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal">divisio</span>, allgemein auch <a href="Phylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum">Phylum</a> genannt) innerhalb der <a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a> der <a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a>. In diesem Phylum findet sich eine breite Vielfalt von <a href="Stoffwechsel" title="Stoffwechsel">Stoffwechsel</a>, <a href="%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie">Ökologie</a> und <a href="Morphologie_(Biologie)" title="Morphologie (Biologie)">Morphologie</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erscheinungsbild">Erscheinungsbild</h2></div>
<p>Der <a href="Gram-F%C3%A4rbung" title="Gram-Färbung">Gram-Test</a> ist negativ. Die Zellen der meisten Arten sind stäbchenförmig und bilden keine Sporen. Es sind <a href="Aerobie" title="Aerobie">aerobe</a>, also auf Sauerstoff angewiesene, wie auch <a href="Anaerobie" title="Anaerobie">anaerobe</a> Vertreter vorhanden. Mehrere Arten, wie z. B. von der Klasse der <a href="Flavobacteriia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavobacteriia">Flavobakterien</a> und <a href="Cytophaga" title="Cytophaga">Cytophagen</a>, sind durch Gleitbewegungen <a href="Motilit%C3%A4t" title="Motilität">motil</a> (beweglich).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathogenität"><span id="Pathogenit.C3.A4t"></span>Pathogenität</h2></div>
<p>Innerhalb der Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) sind auch einige für Tiere und Menschen krankheitserregende (<a href="Pathogenit%C3%A4t" title="Pathogenität">pathogene)</a> Arten vorhanden. In der Familie Flavobacteriaceae sind u. a. einige Arten für Vögel pathogen. <i><a href="Capnocytophaga" title="Capnocytophaga">Capnocytophaga</a></i> gehört zu der normalen Bakterienflora des Menschen, kann aber unter bestimmten Umständen auch pathogen wirken. Auch <i><a href="Bacteroides_fragilis" title="Bacteroides fragilis">Bacteroides fragilis</a></i> und <i><a href="Bacteroides_thetaiotaomicron" title="Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron">Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</a></i> sind <a href="Opportunismus" title="Opportunismus">opportunistische</a> Krankheitserreger des Menschen. Für Fische sind z. B. Arten von <i>Cytophaga</i> pathogen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>
<p>Die Abteilung Bacteroidota (synonym Bacteroidetes) enthält aufgrund von <a href="Ribosomale_RNA#Prokaryotische_rRNA" title="Ribosomale RNA">16s-rRNA</a>-<a href="DNA-Sequenzierung" title="DNA-Sequenzierung">Gensequenzen</a> die <a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klassen</a> <a href="Bacteroidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteroidia">Bacteroidia</a>, <a href="Cytophagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytophagia">Cytophagia</a>, <a href="Flavobacteriia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavobacteriia">Flavobacteriia</a> und <a href="Sphingobacteriia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphingobacteriia">Sphingobacter<b>ii</b>a</a>.
</p><p>Die hier angegebene Systematik basiert mit Stand 15. August 2024 auf den folgenden Quellen:
</p>
<ul><li>L – <span lang="en"><a href="List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature">List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature</a></span> (LPSN), <a href="Deutsche_Sammlung_von_Mikroorganismen_und_Zellkulturen" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen">Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen</a> (DSMZ)<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>N – <span lang="en"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a></span> (NCBI, <span lang="en">Taxonomy Browser</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>G – <span lang="en">Genome Taxonomy Database</span> (GTDB), <a href="University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> (UQ), Australien.<sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AnnoTree_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnoTree-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – hier nur ersatzweise benutzt bei fehlender Referenz zu LPSN und NCBI (siehe <a href="#GTDB_Bacteroidota">Anmerkung unten</a>).</li></ul>
<p><span id="GTDB_Bacteroidota"></span>Die GTDB versteht abweichend von LPSN und NCBI das Phylum Bacteroidota <a href="Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato">im weiteren Sinne</a>, d. h. dem Umfang nach identisch mit der Bacteroidota–Chlorobiota-Gruppe (Bacteroidetes–Chlorobi); die in dieser Klade enthaltenen Phyla (entsprechend LPSN/NCBI) beinhalten (bis auf Bacteroidota selbst) jeweils nur eine einzige Klasse und sind in der GTDB auf diese Rangstufe herabgestuft.<sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_Bacteroidota_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb_Bacteroidota-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Man beachte, dass unterschiedliche <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxa</a> teilweise sehr ähnliche Namen haben, etwa ‚-bacter<b>i</b>a‘ versus ‚-bacter<b>ii</b>a‘, das doppelte ‚i‘ drückt im Allgemeinen eine Ähnlichkeit (<a href="Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato">sensu lato</a> oder Schwestertaxon) aus. Die Systematik im Einzelnen:
</p><p>Phylum <b>Bacteroidota <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> <i>et al.</i> 2021</small></b> (L,N), mit Synonymen <b>Bacteroidetes <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> <i>et al.</i> 2012</small></b> (L,N), „Sphingobacter<b>i</b>a“ <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span> 2002</small> (L)<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_Bacteroidetes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN_Bacteroidetes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NfL_Bacteroidota_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NfL_Bacteroidota-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bacteroidetes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bacteroidetes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><span id="Bacteroidia"></span><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a> <b><a href="Bacteroidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteroidia">Bacteroidia</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> 2012</small></b><sup id="cite_ref-Bacteroidia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bacteroidia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – die beiden folgenden <a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnungen</a> sind bei LPSN im Gegensatz zu NCBI synonym (d. h. zusammengelegt):
<ul><li><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a> <a href="Bacteroidales" title="Bacteroidales">Bacteroidales</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> 2012</small> (L) <small>… emend. <span class="Person h-card">Pikuta</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small> (N)
<dl><dd>inkl. <a href="Bacteroidales#Marinilabiliales" title="Bacteroidales">Marinilabiliales</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Wu</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L,N)</dd></dl>
<ul><li><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> „<i>Candidatus</i> Aminobacteroidaceae“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Mei</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie „<i>Candidatus</i> Azobacteroidaceae“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Chuvochina</span> <i>et al.</i> 2023</small></li>
<li>Familie <a href="Bacteroidaceae" title="Bacteroidaceae">Bacteroidaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Pribram</span> 1933</small></li>
<li>Familie Balneicellaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Fadhlaoui</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small></li>
<li>Familie Barnesiellaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small></li>
<li>Familie Dysgonomonadaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small></li>
<li>Familie „<i>Candidatus</i> Homeothermaceae“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Ormerod</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small></li>
<li>Familie Lentimicrobiaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Sun</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small></li>
<li>Familie Marinifilaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Iino</span> <i>et al.</i> 2014</small>, mit <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> <i>Marinifilum</i> (L,N)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Marinilabiliaceae" title="Marinilabiliaceae">Marinilabiliaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Ludwig</span> <i>et al.</i> 2012</small></li>
<li>Familie Muribaculaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Lagkouvardos</span> <i>et al.</i> 2019</small></li>
<li>Familie Odoribacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small></li>
<li>Familie Paludibacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Ormerod</span> <i>et al.</i> 2022</small></li>
<li>Familie <a href="Porphyromonadaceae" title="Porphyromonadaceae">Porphyromonadaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> 2012</small></li>
<li>Familie <a href="Prevotellaceae" title="Prevotellaceae">Prevotellaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> 2012</small></li>
<li>Familie Prolixibacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Huang</span> <i>et al.</i> 2014</small> syn. Draconibacteriaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Du</span> <i>et al.</i> 2014</small></li>
<li>Familie <a href="Rikenellaceae" title="Rikenellaceae">Rikenellaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> <i>et al.</i> 2012</small></li>
<li>Familie Salinivirgaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Ben Hania</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small></li>
<li>Familie Tannerellaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Ormerod</span> <i>et al.</i> 2022</small></li>
<li>Familie Tenuifilaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Podosokorskaya</span> <i>et al.</i> 2021</small></li>
<li>Familie Williamwhitmaniaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Pikuta</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><span id="Chitinophagia"></span>Klasse <b>Chitinophagia <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small></b> (L,N)
<ul><li>Ordnung Chitinophagales <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small> (L) <small>… emend. <span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (N)
<ul><li>Familie <a href="Chitinophagaceae" title="Chitinophagaceae">Chitinophagaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Kämpfer</span> <i>et al.</i> 2011</small> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><span id="Costitxiia"></span>Klasse „<i>Candidatus</i> Costitxiia“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Gago</span> <i>et al.</i> 2024</small> (L)
<ul><li>Ordnung „<i>Candidatus</i> Costitxiales“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Gago</span> <i>et al.</i> 2024</small> (L)
<ul><li>Familie „<i>Candidatus</i> Costitxiaceae“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Gago</span> <i>et al.</i> 2024</small> (L) mit Gattung „<i>Candidatus</i> Costitxia“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Gago</span> <i>et al.</i> 2024</small> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><span id="Cytophagia"></span>Klasse <b><a href="Cytophagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytophagia">Cytophagia</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Nakagawa</span> 2012</small></b> (L) <b><small>… emend. <span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small></b> (N), mit Synonym <b>Flavobacter</b>i<b>a <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span> 2002</small></b> (L),<sup id="cite_ref-NfL_Flavobacteria_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NfL_Flavobacteria-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cytophagia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cytophagia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<ul><li>Ordnung Cytophagales <small><span class="Person h-card">Leadbetter</span> 1974</small> (L,N)
<ul><li>Familie Bernardetiaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Catalinimonadaceae <small>corrig. <span class="Person h-card">Choi</span> <i>et al.</i> 2013</small> (L), syn. Catalimonadaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Choi</span> <i>et al.</i> 2013</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Cesiribacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Cyclobacteriaceae" title="Cyclobacteriaceae">Cyclobacteriaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Nedashkovskaya & Ludwig</span> 2012</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Cytophagaceae" title="Cytophagaceae">Cytophagaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Stanier</span> 1940 </small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Flammeovirgaceae" title="Flammeovirgaceae">Flammeovirgaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Yoon</span> <i>et al.</i> 2011</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Flexibacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Fulvivirgaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Hymenobacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Mangrovivirgaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Sefrji</span> <i>et al.</i> 2021</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Marivirgaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Microscillaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Mooreiaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Choi</span> <i>et al.</i> 2013</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Persicobacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Raineyaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Albuquerque</span> <i>et al.</i> 2018</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Reichenbachiellaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie „Rhodocytophagaceae“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Zhang</span> <i>et al.</i> 2023</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Roseivirgaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Shiellaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Liu</span> <i>et al.</i> 2023</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Spirosomataceae <small>corrig. <span class="Person h-card">Larkin & Borrall</span> 1978</small> (L), syn. Spirosomaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Larkin & Borrall</span> 1978</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Splendidivirgaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Li</span> <i>et al.</i> 2024</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Thermoflexibacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Thermonemataceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><span id="Flavobacteriia"></span>Klasse <b><a href="Flavobacteriia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavobacteriia">Flavobacter<b>ii</b>a</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Bernardet</span> 2012</small></b> (L,N)
<ul><li>Ordnung <a href="Flavobacteriales" title="Flavobacteriales">Flavobacteriales</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Bernardet</span> 2012</small> (L), zuvor „Flavobacteriales“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Bernardet</span> 2011</small> (N)
<ul><li>Familie <a href="Blattabacteriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blattabacteriaceae">Blattabacteriaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Kambhampati</span> 2012</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Crocinitomicaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Cryomorphaceae" title="Cryomorphaceae">Cryomorphaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Bowman</span> <i>et al.</i> 2003</small> (L), syn. Luteibaculaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Bowman</span> 2021</small> (L), Salibacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Bowman</span> 2021</small> (L) und Vicingaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Bowman</span> 2021</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Flavobacteriaceae" title="Flavobacteriaceae">Flavobacteriaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Reichenbach</span> 1992</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Ichthyobacteriaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Takano</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Schleiferiaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Albuquerque</span> <i>et al.</i> 2011</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Weeksellaceae" title="Weeksellaceae">Weeksellaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">García-López</span> <i>et al.</i> 2020</small> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><span id="Saprospiria"></span>Klasse <b>Saprospiria <small><span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2018</small></b> (N) bzw. <b><small>2017</small></b> (L)
<ul><li>Ordnung Saprospirales <small><span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small> (L,N)
<ul><li>Familie Lewinellaceae Hahnke <i>et al.</i> 2017, syn. Haliscomenobacteraceae Hahnke <i>et al.</i> 2017</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Saprospiraceae" title="Saprospiraceae">Saprospiraceae</a> Krieg <i>et al.</i> 2012</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><span id="Sphingobacteria"></span>Klasse <b><a href="Sphingobacteriia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphingobacteriia">Sphingobacter<b>ii</b>a</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Kämpfer</span> 2012</small></b> (L,N)
<ul><li>Ordnung <a href="Sphingobacteriales" title="Sphingobacteriales">Sphingobacteriales</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Kämpfer</span> 2012</small> (L,N)<sup id="cite_ref-Sphingobacteriales_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sphingobacteriales-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<ul><li>Familie Aurantibacillaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Vieira</span> <i>et al.</i> 2023</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Filobacteriaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Ike</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (L)</li>
<li>Familie <a href="Sphingobacteriaceae" title="Sphingobacteriaceae">Sphingobacteriaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Steyn</span> <i>et al.</i> 1998</small> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>ohne Klassen- und Ordnungszuweisung
<dl><dd><ul><li>Familie „<i>Candidatus</i> Amoebophilaceae“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Santos-Garcia</span> <i>et al.</i> 2014</small> (L)</li></ul></dd></dl></li></ul>
<p>Verschoben in ein eigenes Phylum:
</p><p><span id="Rhodothermia"></span>Phylum <b>Rhodothermota <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2021</small></b>
</p>
<ul><li>Klasse <b>Rhodothermia <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small></b>
<ul><li>Ordnung Rhodothermales <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2017</small>
<ul><li>Familie <a href="Rhodothermaceae" title="Rhodothermaceae">Rhodothermaceae</a> <small><span class="Person h-card">Ludwig</span> <i>et al.</i> 2012</small>, mit Gattung <i>Rhodothermus</i> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Rubricoccaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small>, mit Gattung <i>Salisaeta</i> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Salinibacteraceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Munoz</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small>, mit Gattung <i><a href="Salinibacter" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinibacter">Salinibacter</a></i> (L)</li>
<li>Familie Salisaetaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Park</span> <i>et al.</i> 2019</small> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
<p>Verschoben in bestehendes Phylum:
</p><p>Phylum Pseudomonadota <small><span class="Person h-card">Garrity</span> <i>et al.</i> 2021</small> (L)
</p>
<ul><li>Klasse Gammaproteobacteria <small><span class="Person h-card">Garrity</span> <i>et al.</i> 2005</small> (L)
<ul><li>Ordnung Methylococcales <small><span class="Person h-card">Bowman</span> 2005</small> (L)
<ul><li>Familie Crenotrichaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Hansgirg</span> 1888</small>, mit Gattung <i><a href="Toxothrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxothrix">Toxothrix</a></i> (L)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
<p>Unsichere Mitglieder:
</p>
<ul><li>Klasse OC31<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_AY491574_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_AY491574-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Silva_AY491574_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva_AY491574-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (N: ohne Zuordnung)</li>
<li>Klasse Bacteroidota "Incertae sedis 253" <small><span class="Person h-card">Horn</span> <i>et al.</i> 2001</small><sup id="cite_ref-NfL_253_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NfL_253-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mit Gattung: <i>Amoebophilus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Horn2001_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horn2001-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in der Familie „<i>Candidatus</i> Amoebophilaceae“ (L,N) – bei NCBI ist diese Mitglied der Ordnung Cytophagales und damit wäre die Klasse identisch mit Cytophagia.</li>
<li>Klasse Bacteroidota "Incertae sedis 355" <small><span class="Person h-card">Gruwell</span> <i>et al.</i> 2007</small><sup id="cite_ref-NfL_355_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NfL_355-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mit Gattung: <i>Uzinura</i><sup id="cite_ref-Gruwell2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruwell2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (L,N) – bei NCBI ist diese Mitglied der Ordnung Flavobacteriales und damit wäre die Klasse identisch mit Flavobacter<b>ii</b>a.</li>
<li>Klasse JABWAT01 (G), mit <a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Spezies</a> JABWAT01 sp013360915<sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_Bacteroidota_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb_Bacteroidota-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_GCA_013360915_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb_GCA_013360915-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_MAG_11_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_MAG_11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Klasse SZUA-365 (G), u. a. mit Spezies SZUA-365 sp003246455<sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_Bacteroidota_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb_Bacteroidota-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gtdb_GCA_003246455_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtdb_GCA_003246455-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_SZUA-365_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_SZUA-365-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synonymien">Synonymien</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="S">
<li id="cite_note-Bacteroidetes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bacteroidetes_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<ul><li>Bacteroidetes <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> <i>et al.</i> 2012</small> (L,N), Synonyme:</li>
<li>Bacteroidota <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> <i>et al.</i> 2021</small> (L), Bacteroidota <small><span class="Person h-card">Whitman</span> <i>et al.</i> 2018</small> (L,N)</li>
<li>„Bacteroidaeota“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Oren</span> <i>et al.</i> 2015</small> (L,N)</li>
<li>„Sphingobacteria“ <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span> 2002</small> (L)</li>
<li>BCF group (N), Bacteroides-Cytophaga-Flexibacter group (N)</li>
<li>CFB group (N), Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides phylum (N)</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Bacteroidia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bacteroidia_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Bacteroidia <small><span class="Person h-card">Krieg</span> 2012</small> (L,N), Synonyme:
<ul><li>„Bacteroidetia“ <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span> 2020</small> (L)</li>
<li>Bacteroidetes <i><a href="Sensu_stricto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu stricto">s. s.</a></i> (N)</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Cytophagia-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cytophagia_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Cytophagia <small><span class="Person h-card">Nakagawa</span> 2012</small> (L) bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">Nakagawa</span> 2012 emend. <span class="Person h-card">Hahnke</span> <i>et al.</i> 2016</small> (N), Synonym:
<ul><li>Flavobacteria <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span> 2002</small> (L)</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Sphingobacteriales-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sphingobacteriales_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Sphingobacteriales <small><span class="Person h-card">Kämpfer</span> 2012</small> (L,N), alias Bacteroidetes Order IV. Incertae sedis (N: fehlerhaft, vergleiche Mitglieder: Gattung <i>Toxothrix</i> ist bei LPSN in der Sphingobacteriales-Familie Crenotrichaceae)</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ökologie"><span id=".C3.96kologie"></span>Ökologie</h2></div>
<p>Es sind aerobe (auf Sauerstoff angewiesene) wie auch anaerobe Vertreter vorhanden. Einige sind pathogen. Zu den <a href="Anaerob" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaerob">anaeroben</a> Bacteroidetes zählt z. B. die Gattung <i><a href="Bacteroides" title="Bacteroides">Bacteroides</a></i>, die im menschlichen <a href="Darm" title="Darm">Darm</a> die mit 10<sup>11</sup> Zellen pro Gramm häufigsten Bakterien sind.<sup id="cite_ref-Munk_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munk-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Klasse der Flavobacteriia enthält einige Kommensalen und opportunistisch pathogene Bakterien. Die Arten sind in verschiedenen <a href="Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitaten</a> zu finden, z. B. im Boden, <a href="S%C3%BC%C3%9Fwasser" title="Süßwasser">Süßwasser</a> und <a href="Meer" title="Meer">Meerwasser</a>, innerhalb von verschiedenen Arten von <a href="Fische" title="Fische">Fischen</a>, <a href="Amphibien" title="Amphibien">Amphibien</a>, <a href="Insekten" title="Insekten">Insekten</a>, <a href="Weichtiere" title="Weichtiere">Weichtieren</a>, <a href="Krebstiere" title="Krebstiere">Krebstieren</a> und in Pflanzen. Arten von <i><a href="Blattabacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Blattabacterium">Blattabacterium</a></i> (Familie <a href="Blattabacteriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blattabacteriaceae">Blattabacteriaceae</a>) wurden in <a href="Termiten" title="Termiten">Termiten</a> und <a href="Schaben" title="Schaben">Schaben</a> gefunden. Auch die Mitglieder der Klasse <a href="Sphingobacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphingobacteria">Sphingobacteria</a> besiedeln ein breites Spektrum von Habitaten, so z. B. Böden, Grund-, Frisch- und Meerwasser.
Auch einige <a href="Psychrophilie" title="Psychrophilie">psychrophile</a> (kälteliebende) Arten sind vorhanden, wie z. B. <i><a href="Flavobacterium_psychrophilum" title="Flavobacterium psychrophilum">Flavobacterium psychrophilum</a></i> und <i>Psychroflexus</i>. Beide Gattungen zählen zu der Familie <a href="Flavobacteriaceae" title="Flavobacteriaceae">Flavobacteriaceae</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="George_M._Garrity" title="George M. Garrity">George M. Garrity</a>: <i><a href="Bergey%E2%80%99s_Manual_of_Systematic_Bacteriology" title="Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology">Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology</a>.</i> Band 5: <i>The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes</i>. Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6.</li>
<li>Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Hrsg.) <i>The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria</i>. Volume 7, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-LPSN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
J. P. Euzéby: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-590">List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a Folder Available on the Internet</a>. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Band 47, Nr. 2, S. 590–592; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-2-590" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590">doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103655?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9103655</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=1783270&lvl=6&srchmode=3">FCB group</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1783270&srchmode=3">FCB group</a> (clade, heterotypic synonyms: Fibrobacteres-Chlorobi-Bacteroidetes superphylum,…); graphisch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/?tid=1783270">lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr</a> FCB group, <a href="Lifemap" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifemap">Lifemap</a> NCBI Version.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gtdb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C"><i>GTDB release 05-RS95.</i></a> In: <i>GTDB.</i><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> Abgerufen im 1. Januar 1</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ABacteroidota&rft.title=GTDB+release+05-RS95&rft.description=GTDB+release+05-RS95&rft.identifier=&rft.date=&rft.language=en"> </span> <a href="University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">UQ</a>, Australia.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AnnoTree-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AnnoTree_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
K. Mendler, H. Chen, D. H. Parks, L. A. Hug, A. C. Doxey: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">AnnoTree: visualization and exploration of a functionally annotated microbial tree of life</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Nucleic Acids Research</cite>. 47. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4442–4448</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar%2Fgkz246">10.1093/nar/gkz246</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31081040?dopt=Abstract">PMID 31081040</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6511854/">PMC 6511854</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Bacteroidota&rft.atitle=AnnoTree%3A+visualization+and+exploration+of+a+functionally+annotated+microbial+tree+of+life&rft.au=K.%26%2332%3BMendler%2C%26%2332%3BH.%26%2332%3BChen%2C%26%2332%3BD.+H.%26%2332%3BParks%2C+...&rft.date=2019&rft.doi=10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkz246&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.pages=4442-4448&rft.pmc=6511854&rft.pmid=31081040&rft.volume=47.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gtdb_Bacteroidota-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_Bacteroidota_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_Bacteroidota_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_Bacteroidota_5-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/tree?r=p__Bacteroidota">Bacteroidota</a>, GTDB. <a href="University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">UQ</a>, Australia.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LPSN_Bacteroidetes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_Bacteroidetes_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/phylum/bacteroidetes">Phylum "<i>Bacteroidetes</i>" Krieg <i>et al.</i> 2010</a> und <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}
/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309095818/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/phylum/sphingobacteria">Phylum "<i>Sphingobacteria</i>" Cavalier-Smith 2002</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 9. März 2022 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NfL_Bacteroidota-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NfL_Bacteroidota_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<i>NamesforLife</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namesforlife.com/10.1601/tx.7927"><i>Bacteroidota</i> corrig. Krieg et al. 2021, Bacteroidetes (sic) Krieg et al. 2021 non Bacteroidetes Krieg 2012</a> (phylum), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1601/tx.7927" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1601/tx.7927">doi:10.1601/tx.7927</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NfL_Flavobacteria-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NfL_Flavobacteria_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<i>NamesforLife</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namesforlife.com/10.1601/nm.8068">"Flavobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2002</a> (class), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1601/tx.8068" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1601/tx.8068">doi:10.1601/tx.8068</a>. Anm.: Die Seite kennzeichnet diese Bezeichnung als angebliches Synonym von "Flavobacter<b>ii</b>a", gibt aber <i>Cytophagales</i> als eine darin enthaltene Ordnung an. Auf der Seite <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namesforlife.com/10.1601/nm.22750"><i>Cytophagia</i> Cytophagia Nakagawa 2012 emend. García-López et al. 2019</a> (class) wird aber ebenfalls <i>Cytophagales</i> in <b>dieser</b> Klassen enthaltene Ordnung genannt (so wie bei <a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>). Das kann nicht sein, weil es sich um verschiedene Klassen handelt. Wir folgen LPSN, synonymisieren „Flavobacteria“ mit Cytophagia, und verstehen „Flavobacter<b>ii</b>a“ als ähnlich, aber nicht gleich „Flavobacteria“.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_AY491574-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_AY491574_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY491574">Uncultured bacterium clone oc31 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence</a>, GenBank: AY491574.1.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Silva_AY491574-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Silva_AY491574_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Deutsches_Netzwerk_f%C3%BCr_Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur_%E2%80%93_de.NBI#Datenbanken" title="Deutsches Netzwerk für Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur – de.NBI">Silva</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arb-silva.de/browser/ssu/silva/AY491574/">AY491574</a> – Uncultured bacterium clone oc31 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Deutsches Netzwerk für Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur (<a href="De.NBI" class="mw-redirect" title="De.NBI">de.NBI</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NfL_253-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NfL_253_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<i>NamesforLife</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namesforlife.com/10.1601/nm.32165">"Incertae sedis 253" Horn et al. 2001</a> (class), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1601/nm.32165" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1601/nm.32165">doi:10.1601/nm.32165</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Horn2001-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Horn2001_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Matthias Horn, Marit D. Harzenetter, Tanja Linner, Ernst N. Schmid, Karl-Dieter Müller, Rolf Michel, Michael Wagner: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00210.x">Members of the <i>Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides</i> phylum as intracellular bacteria of acanthamoebae: proposal of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Amoebophilus asiaticus’</a>. In: S<i>f</i>am Environmental Microbiology, Band 3, Nr. 7, 20. Dezember 2001, S. 440–449; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00210.x" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00210.x">doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00210.x</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11553234?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11553234</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NfL_355-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NfL_355_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<i>NamesforLife</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namesforlife.com/10.1601/nm.32445">"Incertae sedis 355" Gruwell et al. 2007</a> (class), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1601/nm.32445" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1601/nm.32445">doi:10.1601/nm.32445</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gruwell2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gruwell2007_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Matthew E. Gruwell, Geoffrey E. Morse, Benjamin B. Normark: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790307000188">Phylogenetic congruence of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and their primary endosymbionts from the phylum Bacteroidetes</a>. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Band 44, Nr. 1, Juli 2007, S. 267–280; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.014" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.014">doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.014</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400002?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17400002</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gtdb_GCA_013360915-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_GCA_013360915_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/genome?gid=GCA_013360915.1"><i>JABWAT01 sp013360915</i></a>, GTDB. <a href="University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">UQ</a>, Australia.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_MAG_11-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_MAG_11_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JABWAT000000000.1">MAG: Bacteroidetes bacterium isolate MAG_11, whole genome shotgun sequencing project</a>, GenBank: JABWAT000000000.1</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gtdb_GCA_003246455-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gtdb_GCA_003246455_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/genome?gid=GCA_003246455.1"><i>SZUA-365 sp003246455</i></a>, GTDB. <a href="University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">UQ</a>, Australia.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_SZUA-365-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_SZUA-365_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/1405362069">MAG: Bacteroidetes bacterium isolate SZUA-365, whole genome shotgun sequencing project</a>, GenBank: QKAF00000000.1</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Munk-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Munk_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Katharina Munk (Hrsg.): <i>Taschenlehrbuch Biologie: Mikrobiologie</i>. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-144861-3</span>
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</ol>
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